Horse confirmation
The conformation of a horse relates to the proportions of its body parts in relation to each other. This is generally judged by its intended use or form to function. Every horse however is different and it is important to note that many horses including Olympic class horses can do extremely well even with conformation faults.
An area of use where almost perfect conformation is desired would be if the horse were going to compete effectively in any of the showing classes. However using the horse for general hacking would not require such a precise degree of conformation.
A horse that has the correct proportions for its role should be naturally well balanced and therefore should have better performance levels than other less well-made horses. The better the conformation of the horse the less chance of unsoundness and strain is to occur. This can be a benefit as the horse will be less likely to incur the costs of needing veterinarian care due to injuries caused by trying to carry out movements and activities that are beyond its physical limitations.
Some points of conformation to look out for:
Head
The horses head should be in proportion with its overall size. Too large and it will add additional weight to the forehand that is already carrying 60% of the total weight upsetting the balance. Too small and the scales tip the other way.
Eyes
Larger eyes are preferred as small with a lot of white are thought to point towards a mean streak.
Nose
Large, wide nostrils to allow maximum intake of air are deemed best.
Neck
Speed is linked with a long neck, such as thoroughbred racing horse, and strength is linked with a short neck, such as draft horses or Shetland ponies.
Shoulders
A good riding horse should have an angle of 40-45% from the point of the shoulder to the point of the withers as this allows the horse to take longer fluid strides.
Legs
Forelegs should be straight and strong, with slightly sloping pasterns as if they are straight can lead to jarring and an uncomfortable ride. Hind legs should if a line is dropped from the point of the buttock down to the floor, while the horse is stationary, should touch the hock and run down the cannon bone The legs should move in two parallel lines when the horse is in motion.
Hooves
The front hooves should be rounded and look like a matching pair, the hinds however should be more oval in shape. All should be front facing.
Back
There should be a gentle rise to the croup and it should be well muscled as this is where the horses power lies. Too long a back is a concern as is an over-pronaunced upward curve or an exaggerated hollow. Depth in the girth means more room for the lungs to expand which dictates athletic ability.
Hind quarters
These are the engine room of the horse so must be strong and muscled. The croup should be the same height as the withers and not slope too much.
A good horse will have many good points, a few tolerable ones and no deficient points.